52. Surah At-Tur

الطورThe Mount · 49 ayahsمعارف القرآن انگلش

Ayah 52:1

وَ الطُّوْرِۙ Open ayah 52:1 in the Quran reader

By the mount of Tur,

Commentary وَالطُّورِ‌ (By the Mount Tur,....52:1) The word Tur in Hebrew means a mountain that has trees [ as opposed to jabal a mountain that does not have trees { Trn.}]. Here Tur stands for mount Sinai which is situated in the land of Madyan where the Holy Prophet Musa (علیہ السلام) had the honour of Allah's speaking to him. Some reports narrate that there are four mountains of Paradise in this world, and one of them is Tur (Qurtubi). Swearing an oath by Tur carries a special significance and honour of the mount. It also signifies that certain injunctions have been revealed by Allah for people to follow. Compliance with them is obligatory.
Ayahs 52:2–3

وَ كِتٰبٍ مَّسْطُوْرٍۙ Open ayah 52:2 in the Quran reader

and by a book, written

فِیْ رَقٍّ مَّنْشُوْرٍۙ Open ayah 52:3 in the Quran reader

on an unrolled scroll,

وَكِتَابٍ مَّسْطُورٍ‌ فِي رَ‌قٍّ مَّنشُورٍ‌ (and by a book, written on an unrolled scroll....52:2-3) The word raqq means fine parchment or fine piece of skin, used for the purpose of writing on it. It is, therefore, usually translated as paper. Here it could be referring to man's account-book of deeds or, according to some of the scholars, it stands for the Qur'an. (Qurtubi)
Ayahs 52:4–5

وَّ الْبَیْتِ الْمَعْمُوْرِۙ Open ayah 52:4 in the Quran reader

and by the Populated House (Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur),

وَ السَّقْفِ الْمَرْفُوْعِۙ Open ayah 52:5 in the Quran reader

and by the roof, raised high,

Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur وَالْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ‌ (and by the Populated House [ AI-Bait-ul-Ma` mur ],...52:4) Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur is the Ka'bah in the heaven meant for the angels' service and is parallel to the Ka'bah on earth. According to a Tradition in Sahihain that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said about his Ascension to the seventh heaven: "Then, I was taken to Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur. It is visited every day by seventy thousand angels who will not come back to visit it again" because every day other new angels take their turn to visit it. (Ibn Kathir) Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur is the Ka'bah of the angels who reside in the seventh heaven. When the Holy Prophet ﷺ reached the seventh heaven on the Night of Ascension, he saw Holy Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) reclining with his back on Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur. It was Holy Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) who built the Ka'bah on earth, and thus the reward is compatible with his action in that Allah Ta’ ala has blessed him with a special connection with Al-Bait-ul-Ma` mur (IbnKathir).
Ayah 52:6

وَ الْبَحْرِ الْمَسْجُوْرِۙ Open ayah 52:6 in the Quran reader

and by the sea, filled up with fire,

وَالْبَحْرِ‌ الْمَسْجُورِ‌ (and by the sea, filled up with fire...52:6) The word bar means sea and the passive participle masjur is derived from sajr which is used in several different senses, one of which is to kindle with fire. Some of the commentators interpret the participle in this sense here, that is, by the sea which will be kindled with fire on the Day of Resurrection, just as Allah said in another verse وَإِذَا الْبِحَارُ‌ سُجِّرَ‌تْ "And when the seas will be kindled with fire". In other words, it will be kindled with fire and become a raging fire surrounding the people in the plain of hashr. This was reported by Sayyidna Said Ibn Musayyab from Sayyidna Ali Ibn Abi Talib ؓ . Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas, Mujahid, and ` Ubaidullah Ibn ` Umair ؓ also report likewise. (Ibn Kathir) A Jewish person asked Sayyidna ` Ali ؓ 'where is the Hell?'. He replied 'the sea'. The Jew, who was the scholar of the previous scriptures, confirmed this. (Qurtubi) Sayyidna Qatadah ؓ and others interpreted the phrase to mean 'filled sea'. Ibn Jarir (رح) preferred this interpretation (Ibn Kathir). ' This is the interpretation adopted by Maulana Ashraf Thanawi (رح)
Ayahs 52:7–8

اِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ لَوَاقِعٌۙ Open ayah 52:7 in the Quran reader

the punishment of your Lord is sure to fall.

مَّا لَهٗ مِنْ دَافِعٍۙ Open ayah 52:8 in the Quran reader

There is nothing to push it back,

إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَ‌بِّكَ لَوَاقِعٌ مَّا لَهُ مِن دَافِعٍ (the punishment of your Lord is sure to fall. There is nothing to push it back,....52:7-8) Verses 1-6 constituted swearing of an oath, and the present verse is jawab-ul-qasam or the fact for which the oath is sworn, assuring that the torment of Allah will come to pass, and none will be able to avert it. The Incident of Sayyidna ` Umar ؓ Sayyidna ` Umar ؓ one day recited Surah Tur. When he came to these verses, he heaved a cool sigh after which he fell ill for about twenty days. During his illness the people would visit him, not knowing what caused his illness. (Ibn Kathir) Sayyidna Jubair Ibn Mut'im ؓ says that before embracing Islam, he once went to the holy city of Madinah to negotiate regarding the prisoners of the battle of Badr. When he arrived there, the Holy Prophet ﷺ was reciting Surah Tur in Maghrib salah and his voice could be heard outside the mosque. When he recited verses [ 7] and [ 81: 'The punishment of your Lord is sure to fall. There is nothing to push it back,' He suddenly felt that his heart would burst through fear. He instantly embraced Islam. He felt at the time that he would not be able to move unless the torment would descend on him. (Qurtubi)
Ayahs 52:9–20

یَّوْمَ تَمُوْرُ السَّمَآءُ مَوْرًاۙ Open ayah 52:9 in the Quran reader

the Day when the sky will tremble, a horrible trembling,

وَّ تَسِیْرُ الْجِبَالُ سَیْرًاؕ Open ayah 52:10 in the Quran reader

and the mountains will move about, a terrible movement.

فَوَیْلٌ یَّوْمَئِذٍ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِیْنَۙ Open ayah 52:11 in the Quran reader

So, woe to those who reject (the true faith),

الَّذِیْنَ هُمْ فِیْ خَوْضٍ یَّلْعَبُوْنَۘ Open ayah 52:12 in the Quran reader

who are indulged in vain talk, playing (with truth),

یَوْمَ یُدَعُّوْنَ اِلٰى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ دَعًّاؕ Open ayah 52:13 in the Quran reader

the Day they will be pushed to the Fire forcefully,

هٰذِهِ النَّارُ الَّتِیْ كُنْتُمْ بِهَا تُكَذِّبُوْنَ Open ayah 52:14 in the Quran reader

(and it will be said to them,) "This is the Fire you used to deny.

اَفَسِحْرٌ هٰذَاۤ اَمْ اَنْتُمْ لَا تُبْصِرُوْنَۚ Open ayah 52:15 in the Quran reader

Is it then magic, or do you not see?

اِصْلَوْهَا فَاصْبِرُوْۤا اَوْ لَا تَصْبِرُوْا١ۚ سَوَآءٌ عَلَیْكُمْ١ؕ اِنَّمَا تُجْزَوْنَ مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُوْنَ Open ayah 52:16 in the Quran reader

Enter it. Now, whether you act patient or impatient, it is all the same for you; you are merely rewarded for what you used to do."

اِنَّ الْمُتَّقِیْنَ فِیْ جَنّٰتٍ وَّ نَعِیْمٍۙ Open ayah 52:17 in the Quran reader

Of course, the God-fearing will be in gardens and bliss,

فٰكِهِیْنَ بِمَاۤ اٰتٰىهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ١ۚ وَ وَقٰىهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِیْمِ Open ayah 52:18 in the Quran reader

enjoying what their Lord will give to them, and their Lord will save them from the punishment of Hell.

كُلُوْا وَ اشْرَبُوْا هَنِیْٓئًۢا بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُوْنَۙ Open ayah 52:19 in the Quran reader

(It will be said to them,) "Eat and drink pleasantly because of what you used to do,

مُتَّكِئِیْنَ عَلٰى سُرُرٍ مَّصْفُوْفَةٍ١ۚ وَ زَوَّجْنٰهُمْ بِحُوْرٍ عِیْنٍ Open ayah 52:20 in the Quran reader

relaxing on lined up couches". And We will marry them with big-eyed houris.

يَوْمَ تَمُورُ‌ السَّمَاءُ مَوْرً‌ا (...the Day when the sky will tremble, a horrible trembling, ...52:9) The lexicographical denotation of the word mawr is violent shaking, or movement caused by unrest. This verse describes the violent movement of the heavens on the Day of Resurrection.
Ayahs 52:21–36

وَ الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَ اتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّیَّتُهُمْ بِاِیْمَانٍ اَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّیَّتَهُمْ وَ مَاۤ اَلَتْنٰهُمْ مِّنْ عَمَلِهِمْ مِّنْ شَیْءٍ١ؕ كُلُّ امْرِئٍۭ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَهِیْنٌ Open ayah 52:21 in the Quran reader

And those who believed and their children followed them in belief, We will join their children with them, and will not curtail (the reward of) any of their deeds at all. Every person will be pledged for what he earned.

وَ اَمْدَدْنٰهُمْ بِفَاكِهَةٍ وَّ لَحْمٍ مِّمَّا یَشْتَهُوْنَ Open ayah 52:22 in the Quran reader

And We will give them a lot of what they desire from fruits and meat.

یَتَنَازَعُوْنَ فِیْهَا كَاْسًا لَّا لَغْوٌ فِیْهَا وَ لَا تَاْثِیْمٌ Open ayah 52:23 in the Quran reader

They will snatch, from one another (in a friendly manner) a glass (of wine) in which there is neither an absurd talk, nor something leading to sin.

وَ یَطُوْفُ عَلَیْهِمْ غِلْمَانٌ لَّهُمْ كَاَنَّهُمْ لُؤْلُؤٌ مَّكْنُوْنٌ Open ayah 52:24 in the Quran reader

And they will be frequented by the serving boys of their own, (neat and clean) as if they were hidden pearls.

وَ اَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلٰى بَعْضٍ یَّتَسَآءَلُوْنَ Open ayah 52:25 in the Quran reader

And they will advance to one another, asking (about each other).

قَالُوْۤا اِنَّا كُنَّا قَبْلُ فِیْۤ اَهْلِنَا مُشْفِقِیْنَ Open ayah 52:26 in the Quran reader

They will say, "Indeed we were afraid (of Allah's punishment) when we were amidst of our family,

فَمَنَّ اللّٰهُ عَلَیْنَا وَ وَقٰىنَا عَذَابَ السَّمُوْمِ Open ayah 52:27 in the Quran reader

but Allah did favour to us and saved us from the torment of Fire's scorching breath.

اِنَّا كُنَّا مِنْ قَبْلُ نَدْعُوْهُ١ؕ اِنَّهٗ هُوَ الْبَرُّ الرَّحِیْمُ۠ Open ayah 52:28 in the Quran reader

We used to pray to Him before. He is surely the Most-Kind, the Very-Merciful.

فَذَكِّرْ فَمَاۤ اَنْتَ بِنِعْمَتِ رَبِّكَ بِكَاهِنٍ وَّ لَا مَجْنُوْنٍؕ Open ayah 52:29 in the Quran reader

So keep reminding (them), because by the grace of your Lord, you are neither a soothsayer, nor a madman.

اَمْ یَقُوْلُوْنَ شَاعِرٌ نَّتَرَبَّصُ بِهٖ رَیْبَ الْمَنُوْنِ Open ayah 52:30 in the Quran reader

Do they rather say, "He is a poet for whom we are awaiting the accident of death."?

قُلْ تَرَبَّصُوْا فَاِنِّیْ مَعَكُمْ مِّنَ الْمُتَرَبِّصِیْنَؕ Open ayah 52:31 in the Quran reader

Say, "Wait! I am waiting with you, too."

اَمْ تَاْمُرُهُمْ اَحْلَامُهُمْ بِهٰذَاۤ اَمْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ طَاغُوْنَۚ Open ayah 52:32 in the Quran reader

Do their intellects direct them to (say) this, or are they a rebellious people?

اَمْ یَقُوْلُوْنَ تَقَوَّلَهٗ١ۚ بَلْ لَّا یُؤْمِنُوْنَۚ Open ayah 52:33 in the Quran reader

Do they rather say, "He has forged it (the Qur’ an.) "? No, but they do not believe.

فَلْیَاْتُوْا بِحَدِیْثٍ مِّثْلِهٖۤ اِنْ كَانُوْا صٰدِقِیْنَؕ Open ayah 52:34 in the Quran reader

So, let them bring a discourse like this, if they are truthful.

اَمْ خُلِقُوْا مِنْ غَیْرِ شَیْءٍ اَمْ هُمُ الْخٰلِقُوْنَؕ Open ayah 52:35 in the Quran reader

Is it that they are created by none, or are they themselves the creators?

اَمْ خَلَقُوا السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الْاَرْضَ١ۚ بَلْ لَّا یُوْقِنُوْنَؕ Open ayah 52:36 in the Quran reader

Or have they created the heavens and the earth? No, but they are sure of nothing.

The Believing Children of the Righteous will benefit from their relationship with their Believing Parents in Paradise وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّ‌يَّتُهُم بِإِيمَانٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّ‌يَّتَهُمْ (And those who believed and their children followed them in belief, We will join their children with them,... 52:21) Sayyidna Ibn 'Abbas ؓ reports from the Holy Prophet ﷺ who said: "Verily, Allah elevates the ranks of the believers' children to the rank of their parents, even though the latter do not deserve the same rank as their parents deserve, so that the eyes of the parents are comforted." (Hakim, al-Baihaqi in his Sunan, al-Bazzar, Abu Nu'aim in al-Hilyah, ibn-Jarir and ibn-Abi Haim as quoted by Mazhari [ Tr.]) It is recorded in Tabarani that Said Ibn Jubair (رح) reports "Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ said, [ and I think he reports this from the Holy Prophet ﷺ : "When a person enters Paradise, he will inquire about his parents, and wife and children [ as to where they are ]. He will be told that they have not attained your grade. [ Therefore, their place is elsewhere in Paradise ]. The person will say: '0 Lord! I had worked not only for myself, but for all of them.' Allah will command that they all be kept together with him in the same rank of Paradise." (Ibn Kathir) Hafiz Ibn-Kathir, having quoted all these Traditions, says that it is certainly Allah's grace and favour that He grants the children this blessing because of the righteous deeds of their parents. He also grants His favour to parents on account of their children's praying Allah for them. Imam Ahmad (رح) has recorded that Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ has reported the following statement of the Holy Prophet ﷺ . "Verily, Allah shall elevate the grade of a righteous servant in Paradise, who will ask: '0 Lord! How did I earn this?' Allah will reply: 'Through your son's invoking Me to forgive you." (ibn-Kathir says that this Tradition has an authentic chain of transmitters, but was not recorded in Sahihain this way. However there is a corroborating narration (shahid) for it in Muslim on the authority of Abu Hurairah ؓ . [ Tr.]) وَمَا أَلَتْنَاهُم مِّنْ عَمَلِهِم مِّن شَيْءٍ (...and will not curtail (the reward of) any of their deeds at all...52:21) The past perfect verb alatna is the first person plural of alata which literally means to decrease, to reduce or to diminish (Qurtubi). The verse means that for upgrading the children of the believers who died in the state of true faith, no part of the reward of their parents will be diminished for them to make up for the children's deeds. In fact, this equalization will take place as a result of Allah's grace. Allah's Fairness to Sinners كُلُّ امْرِ‌ئٍ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَ‌هِينٌ (Every person will be pledged for what he earned.) After Allah mentioned His favour of elevating the children to the ranks of their parents, even though the deeds of the former did not qualify them, He affirmed His fairness in that, He does not punish anyone for the sins of others. Therefore, every person will be responsible for his actions. No sins committed by others shall ever be added to one's load, even if committed by his parents or children. (Ibn Kathir)
Ayah 52:37

اَمْ عِنْدَهُمْ خَزَآئِنُ رَبِّكَ اَمْ هُمُ الْمُصَۜیْطِرُوْنَؕ Open ayah 52:37 in the Quran reader

Or do they have the treasures of your Lord, or have they acquired control (over them)?1

{ 1} This is an answer to one of the objections frequently raised by the disbelievers of Makkah against the prophethood of the Holy Prophet . They used to ask why he was chosen for messenger-ship, and not one of the outstanding chiefs of the tribe. The answer given in this verse is that the selection of prophets is the exclusive prerogative of Allah. He has the treasures of knowledge, and it is He who decides to whom they should be given. The attitude of those who raise objections against His decision is tantamount to claiming that the disposal of these treasures should have been in their hands, and they should have the decisive power to select prophets. (Muhammad Taqi Usmani)