10. Surah Yunus

يونسJonas · 109 ayahsمعارف القرآن انگلش

Read Surah Yunus in the Quran reader
Ayah 10:11

وَ لَوْ یُعَجِّلُ اللّٰهُ لِلنَّاسِ الشَّرَّ اسْتِعْجَالَهُمْ بِالْخَیْرِ لَقُضِیَ اِلَیْهِمْ اَجَلُهُمْ١ؕ فَنَذَرُ الَّذِیْنَ لَا یَرْجُوْنَ لِقَآءَنَا فِیْ طُغْیَانِهِمْ یَعْمَهُوْنَ Open ayah 10:11 in the Quran reader

And if Allah were to hasten in sending evil to the people, as they hasten in seeking good, their time would have been all over. So, We leave those, who do not believe in meeting Us, wandering blindly in their rebel-lion.

Commentary The first of the seven verses cited above relates to people who deny 'Akhirah (Hereafter, life to come). For this reason, when they are warned against the punishment of 'Akhirah, they mockingly say, ` if you are telling the truth, bring this punishment now' or say something like, ` why would this punishment not come soon enough?' This was like what Nadr ibn Harith had said, ` O Allah, if this thing is true, let stones rain down upon us from the heavens, or send some other severe punishment.' It has been answered in the same verse by saying that Allah Ta` ala is, after all, powerful over everything. He can send the promised punishment instantly, right now. But, in His infinite wisdom and mercy, He prefers not to do so. When people like these wish to have evil and hardship sent upon them, they do not realize what they were doing. Had Allah Ta` ala been granting their curses on themselves as soon as they wished - similar to how He would answer their positive prayers fairly often - all of them would have been destroyed to the last man. From here we learn that it is the customary practice of Allah Ta` ala that He would answer prayers for one's good fairly often and if, on one or the other occasion, a prayer is not answered due to some wise consideration, it would not be contrary to the general rule. But, the case of a person who, because of his ignorance, or anger, or grief, falls into the error of hurling on himself or his family a curse in the fair name of prayer is different. Similar to this is the unfortunate one who invites Divine punishment, due against those who reject the truth of a Here-after, to fall on him, as if playing a game with God. Allah Ta` ala does not accept these prayers promptly, instead, gives them respite so that the denier gets the time to think and abstain from his denial. Or, if the curse has been invoked because of some sudden grief, anger or desperation, then one gets the lease of time to sort out his conduct, avoid what is bad about it and try to stay away from it thereafter. Ibn Jarir on the authority of Qatadah and al-Bukhari and Muslim on the authority of Mujahid report that, at this place, the invoking of curse refers to what an angry person sometimes does when he breaks into supplicating adversely to the effect that his children, wealth or property be destroyed. Even if the person were to blurt out words of curse on these, it will stand included therein. Allah Ta` ala, in His infinite mercy, does not hasten to answer such prayers. Imam al-Qurtubi, on the authority of a Hadith narrative, reports that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said, ` I have prayed to Allah jalla thana'uh imploring Him not to answer the curse invoked by a friend or relative upon another friend or relative.' Shahr ibn Hawshab says, ` I have read that angels appointed to take care of human needs have been instructed by Allah Ta` ala, in His mercy, that they should not write down what His servant says in grief or anger.' (Qurtubi) Despite what has been said here, there are occasions when comes that moment of Divine approval in which what one is saying on the spot gets to be accepted instantly. Therefore, the Holy Prophet ﷺ said, ` never pray that evil may fall on your children or things you own - lest, that time be the time the prayer is to be accepted - and the curse so invoked may stand answered (and activated) all of a sudden (causing you remorse afterwards).' This Hadith on the authority of Sayyidna Jabir ؓ appears in the Sahih of Muslim under the event of the battle of Buwat. The outcome of all these Hadith reports is as follows. As obvious, the main address in the verse under reference concerns the deniers of 'Akhirah who demanded an instant punishment. But, in view of its universality, it includes Muslims as well, who may also break into invoking a curse on themselves or on their belongings and children under some fit of grief or anger. Such is the customary practice of Allah Ta` ala, because of His grace and compassion, that he deals with both of them in the same manner. He does not allow such invocations for curses to be actualized and implemented instantly so that the erring person gets the opportunity to think it out and rescind.
Ayah 10:12

وَ اِذَا مَسَّ الْاِنْسَانَ الضُّرُّ دَعَانَا لِجَنْۢبِهٖۤ اَوْ قَاعِدًا اَوْ قَآئِمًا١ۚ فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُ ضُرَّهٗ مَرَّ كَاَنْ لَّمْ یَدْعُنَاۤ اِلٰى ضُرٍّ مَّسَّهٗ١ؕ كَذٰلِكَ زُیِّنَ لِلْمُسْرِفِیْنَ مَا كَانُوْا یَعْمَلُوْنَ Open ayah 10:12 in the Quran reader

And when hardship hits a person, he prays to Us lying or sitting or standing. Later, when We remove from him the hardship, he walks away as though he had never prayed to Us in any hardship that hit him. This is how their deeds appear beautified to the transgressors.

An eloquent approach has been made in the second verse (12) to convince those who denied that Allah was One (Tauhid) and that there was a life to come ('Akhirah). It was said: When conditions are normal, people would find time to engage in debating the nature and existence of God and the Hereafter. They would feel free to ascribe all sorts of partners and associates to His pristine divinity and look forward to them in the hope that they would respond at their hour of need. But, as soon as some major distress overtakes them, even these very people, disappointed by the entire range of their false gods they pinned their hopes on, do nothing but call Allah for help, not simply once but repeatedly, lying, sitting, standing. They have no choice. They must invoke Him for help. However, along with this attitude, certainly terrible is their ingratitude. When Allah Ta` ala removes their distress, they forget all about Him becoming so disconnected and indifferent to Him as if they had never called Him and never sought His help in their hour of need. This tells us that those who associate anyone or anything else with Allah Ta` ala in His exclusive domain as the Dispenser of all that is needed by His creation do themselves get to experience the demolition of this belief of theirs. But, because of their hostility and obstinacy, they keep glued to their false notion.
Ayah 10:13

وَ لَقَدْ اَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُوْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوْا١ۙ وَ جَآءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَیِّنٰتِ وَ مَا كَانُوْا لِیُؤْمِنُوْا١ؕ كَذٰلِكَ نَجْزِی الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِیْنَ Open ayah 10:13 in the Quran reader

And indeed We have destroyed generations before you when they transgressed, while their Messengers came to them with clear signs. And they were not the ones to believe. This is how We punish the guilty people.

The subject of verse 12 has been emphasized from a different angle in verse 13. It has been said: Let no one miscalculate that punishment cannot come in this world just because Allah Ta` ala gives respite to those who deny and disbelieve. The history of past peoples shows that different kinds of punishments have visited them because of their contumacy and disobedience right here in this world. It is a different matter that Allah Ta` ala has promised that no mass punishment will come upon the Muslim ummah in consideration of the honor of Sayyidna Muhammad al-Mustafa ﷺ the foremost among prophets. But, it is in the face of this very merciful indulgence of Almighty Allah that people have become audacious enough to come forward and invite, even demand, Divine punishment. On the contrary, it is necessary to remember that indifference to Divine punishment is not proper under any condition even for them (Muslims). The reason is that the promise of not sending mass punishment upon the Muslim ummah, or the world as a whole, certainly stands there, but the coming of such punishment on particular individuals and nations is possible even now.
Ayah 10:14

ثُمَّ جَعَلْنٰكُمْ خَلٰٓئِفَ فِی الْاَرْضِ مِنْۢ بَعْدِهِمْ لِنَنْظُرَ كَیْفَ تَعْمَلُوْنَ Open ayah 10:14 in the Quran reader

Then We made you vice-regents on the earth, so that we see how you would act.

In verse 14, it was said: ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ خَلَائِفَ فِي الْأَرْ‌ضِ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ لِنَنظُرَ‌ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ ﴿14﴾ (Then We made you vice-regents on the earth, in order to see how you would act), that is, ` after the destruction of past peoples, We made you successors to them giving you the vice-regency of the earth. But, let this not give you any false idea that this vice-regency of the earth has been given to you so that you could have a good time. In fact, this honor has been bestowed on you to test you and to see how you would act - would you learn your lesson from the history of past peoples or would you lose your head drunk with power and wealth?' This tells us that worldly power is not something to be proud of or arrogant about. This is responsibility at its toughest, a charge very heavy and very fragile to handle.
Ayah 10:15

وَ اِذَا تُتْلٰى عَلَیْهِمْ اٰیَاتُنَا بَیِّنٰتٍ١ۙ قَالَ الَّذِیْنَ لَا یَرْجُوْنَ لِقَآءَنَا ائْتِ بِقُرْاٰنٍ غَیْرِ هٰذَاۤ اَوْ بَدِّلْهُ١ؕ قُلْ مَا یَكُوْنُ لِیْۤ اَنْ اُبَدِّلَهٗ مِنْ تِلْقَآئِ نَفْسِیْ١ۚ اِنْ اَتَّبِعُ اِلَّا مَا یُوْحٰۤى اِلَیَّ١ۚ اِنِّیْۤ اَخَافُ اِنْ عَصَیْتُ رَبِّیْ عَذَابَ یَوْمٍ عَظِیْمٍ Open ayah 10:15 in the Quran reader

And when Our verses are recited to them in all their clarity, say those who do not believe in meeting Us, "Bring a Qur'an other than this, or make changes in it." Say, "It is not for me to make changes in it on my own. I follow nothing but what is revealed to me. I fear, if I disobey my Lord, the punishment of a terrible day."

In the last three verses (15-17), there is the refutation of a false notion entertained by the deniers of Akhirah and also the rejection of an inappropriate request made by them. They were a people who did not know much about God or Revelation or Prophets sent by Him. They took them to be like common human beings having nothing special about them. Think of the Holy Qur'an, which reached the world through the Prophet of Islam. Even this, they thought, was spoken and written by him. It was under this frame of mind that they told the Holy Prophet ﷺ ` as for this Qur'an, it is against our beliefs and ideas.' These idols our forefathers have been worshipping since ever as providers of their needs are, according to the Qur'an, totally false and ineffectual. There are things we have been using and transactions we have been making all along. The Qur'an says that they are all unlawful. And then, the Qur'an tells us that we have to live again after we are dead and that we have to account for everything we have done. All these things make no sense to us. We are not ready to accept them. Therefore, you do one of the two things we are asking you to do. Either you replace this one with another Qur'an which does not have these things, or at the least, amend this very Qur'an and expunge those (undesirable) things from there.' Rejecting their false notion first, the Qur'an instructs the Holy Prophet a1JI to tell those people that the Qur'an was not his Word, nor could he change it on his own. He only followed what was revealed to him by Allah. If he were to make the least change in it on his own and by his choice, he would be committing a grave sin, and that he feared the punishment that falls upon those who disobey Allah, therefore, he could not do that. Then he was asked to tell them that he did everything under Divine orders. Had it been the will of Allah Ta` ala that this Word should not be recited to them, neither would he have recited that to them, nor would He have let them know about that. Now that it was the very will of Allah Ta` ala that they should be made to listen to precisely that Word, who can dare make any addition or deletion therein?
Ayah 10:16

قُلْ لَّوْ شَآءَ اللّٰهُ مَا تَلَوْتُهٗ عَلَیْكُمْ وَ لَاۤ اَدْرٰىكُمْ بِهٖ١ۖ٘ فَقَدْ لَبِثْتُ فِیْكُمْ عُمُرًا مِّنْ قَبْلِهٖ١ؕ اَفَلَا تَعْقِلُوْنَ Open ayah 10:16 in the Quran reader

Say, "Had Allah so willed, I would have not recited it to you, nor would He have let you know it. Then, I have lived among you for years before it. Have you, then, no sense?"

After that, the fact that the Qur'an was from Allah and that it was His Word was driven home with an open argument by saying: فَقَدْ لَبِثْتُ فِيكُمْ عُمُرً‌ا مِّن قَبْلِهِ (Then I have lived among you for years before it). In effect, he was saying, ` just think for a moment. Is it not that, much before the revelation of the Qur'an, I have spent a long period of forty years of my life among you? During this period, you have never heard me composing and reciting poetry or writing essays in prose. Had I been proficient in saying something like this Word of Allah, I would have naturally said at least some of it during this period of forty years. In addition to that, you have a direct experience of my character and conduct, particularly of my truth and honesty, during these long forty years of my life among you. You know that I have never lied then. How and why would I start lying now after all those forty years?' This clearly proves that the Holy Prophet ﷺ is true and trustworthy. Whatever there is in the Qur'an is the Word of Allah Ta` ala and has come from Him. Important Note No doubt, this argument of the Qur'an provides a perfect proof of its veracity as the Word of Allah. But, it has also given us a standing rule of conduct in matters of common interest where we must be able to separate the genuine from the counterfeit and the true from the false. When an office or rank of responsibility has to be given to a per-son, it becomes necessary to assess the qualification and capability of the incumbent. To do that, the best rule is to go through the record of his past life. If the person concerned is found to be true and trustworthy, the same can be expected from him in the future as well. And if, there is no evidence to prove his honesty and truth in that person's past life, trusting him for the future just because of what he says or claims is not a wise thing to do. In our time, finding the right person for an office of responsibility has become a nightmare. All sorts of errors (of intent, background research and decision making) are being committed and errors are compounded by widespread disorders (in social and governmental institutions). The real reason why all this is happening is the abandonment of this natural principle in favor of what is customary, formal (or straight dishonest).
Ayahs 10:17–18

فَمَنْ اَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرٰى عَلَى اللّٰهِ كَذِبًا اَوْ كَذَّبَ بِاٰیٰتِهٖ١ؕ اِنَّهٗ لَا یُفْلِحُ الْمُجْرِمُوْنَ Open ayah 10:17 in the Quran reader

So, who is more unjust than the one who coins a lie against Allah or belies His signs? The fact is that the guilty do not succeed.

وَ یَعْبُدُوْنَ مِنْ دُوْنِ اللّٰهِ مَا لَا یَضُرُّهُمْ وَ لَا یَنْفَعُهُمْ وَ یَقُوْلُوْنَ هٰۤؤُلَآءِ شُفَعَآؤُنَا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ١ؕ قُلْ اَتُنَبِّئُوْنَ اللّٰهَ بِمَا لَا یَعْلَمُ فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ لَا فِی الْاَرْضِ١ؕ سُبْحٰنَهٗ وَ تَعٰلٰى عَمَّا یُشْرِكُوْنَ Open ayah 10:18 in the Quran reader

And they worship, besides Allah, what can neither harm them, nor benefit them, and they say, "These are our intercessors with Allah." Say, "Are you informing Allah of what He does not know to exist in the heavens or on the earth?" Pure is He, and far higher than their ascribing of partners to Him.

The last verse (17) emphasizes the subject conclusively by warning that attributing any statement to Allah Ta` ala that was not His Word, or denying what actually was, were crimes deserving severe punishment.
Ayahs 10:19–20

وَ مَا كَانَ النَّاسُ اِلَّاۤ اُمَّةً وَّاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوْا١ؕ وَ لَوْ لَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَّبِّكَ لَقُضِیَ بَیْنَهُمْ فِیْمَا فِیْهِ یَخْتَلِفُوْنَ Open ayah 10:19 in the Quran reader

And people were but one community; later, they differed. But for a word from your Lord that had already come, there would have come a decision between them on what they used to differ.

وَ یَقُوْلُوْنَ لَوْ لَاۤ اُنْزِلَ عَلَیْهِ اٰیَةٌ مِّنْ رَّبِّهٖ١ۚ فَقُلْ اِنَّمَا الْغَیْبُ لِلّٰهِ فَانْتَظِرُوْا١ۚ اِنِّیْ مَعَكُمْ مِّنَ الْمُنْتَظِرِیْنَ۠ Open ayah 10:20 in the Quran reader

And they say, "Why is it that no sign has been sent down to him from his Lord?" Say, "The Unseen is only for Allah. So, wait. I am waiting with you."

Commentary Disbelievers and Believers are two separate nationalities: Nationality based on race and country is absurd The statement: كَانَ النَّاسُ إِلَّا أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً (And people were but one community) in verse 19 means that the progeny of Sayyidna Adam (علیہ السلام) was essentially a single community of monotheists in the earlier stages of man's presence in the world. Shirk and Kufr were unknown as such. Then came up difference in the principle of pure monotheism that divided human beings in different nations and groups of people. How long this period of a single community of believers last? Original sources of Islamic Tradition tell us that this situation prevailed up to the time of Sayyidna Nuh (علیہ السلام) (Noah). It was during his time that Shirk and Kufr showed up and he was the one who had to confront it first. (Tafsir Mazhari) Then, it is also obvious that there is a long period of time between Sayyidna Adam and Sayyidna Nuh may peace be on them both. Human race had multiplied and population had spread out in the world. The presence of differences in color, ethnicity and social life styles was natural. That people had spread themselves out in different regions would have certainly generated differences on the basis of country and homeland. Then, it is also possible that spoken languages may have become somewhat different. But, the Holy Qur'an did not allow these natural genealogical or tribal differences or those of color and country to become impediments to the grand design of one community. In fact, it did not declare the progeny of Sayyidna Adam (علیہ السلام) to be different nations and communities because of these differences. Instead, it gave them the status of one community. Of course, when Kufr and Shirk spread out and posed a threat to 'Iman or true belief, Kafirs and Mushriks were declared to be a separate community of people as indicated in: فَاخْتَلَفُوا (later, they differed). Another verse of the Holy Qur'an: هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ‌ وَمِنكُم مُّؤْمِنٌ is He who created you; yet there is among you a disbeliever and there is among you a believer - At-taghabun, 64:2) makes it more explicit. It tells that the thing that separates the progeny of Sayyidna Adam (علیہ السلام) created by Allah into different peoples is the deviation from 'Iman and Islam. Bonds of lineage or country do not make people separate. Bracketing human beings into different groups on the basis of language, homeland, color or race is ignorance dished out in the garb of enlightenment. It is new. But everything new is not necessarily true and wise. In fact, it might as well be the exact opposite of what is wise. Today, there are many educated people who have also fallen into the trap of this narrow concept of nationalism based on the factors enumerated above. Unfortunately, this approach towards ordering the social life of human beings is fraught with seeds of countless unseen disasters. May Allah keep Muslims safe from its evil effects.
Ayahs 10:21–22

وَ اِذَاۤ اَذَقْنَا النَّاسَ رَحْمَةً مِّنْۢ بَعْدِ ضَرَّآءَ مَسَّتْهُمْ اِذَا لَهُمْ مَّكْرٌ فِیْۤ اٰیَاتِنَا١ؕ قُلِ اللّٰهُ اَسْرَعُ مَكْرًا١ؕ اِنَّ رُسُلَنَا یَكْتُبُوْنَ مَا تَمْكُرُوْنَ Open ayah 10:21 in the Quran reader

Once We cause people to taste a blessing after a hardship having afflicted them, they at once start devising plans against Our verses. Say, Allah is swifter in implementing His plan. Indeed, Our messengers (angels) record whatever you intrigue.

هُوَ الَّذِیْ یُسَیِّرُكُمْ فِی الْبَرِّ وَ الْبَحْرِ١ؕ حَتّٰۤى اِذَا كُنْتُمْ فِی الْفُلْكِ١ۚ وَ جَرَیْنَ بِهِمْ بِرِیْحٍ طَیِّبَةٍ وَّ فَرِحُوْا بِهَا جَآءَتْهَا رِیْحٌ عَاصِفٌ وَّ جَآءَهُمُ الْمَوْجُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكَانٍ وَّ ظَنُّوْۤا اَنَّهُمْ اُحِیْطَ بِهِمْ١ۙ دَعَوُا اللّٰهَ مُخْلِصِیْنَ لَهُ الدِّیْنَ١ۚ۬ لَئِنْ اَنْجَیْتَنَا مِنْ هٰذِهٖ لَنَكُوْنَنَّ مِنَ الشّٰكِرِیْنَ Open ayah 10:22 in the Quran reader

He is the One who enables you to travel on land and at sea, until when you are in the boats and they sail with those on board under a good wind and they are pleased with it, there comes upon them a violent wind, and the wave comes upon them from many sides. And (when) they think that they are encircled, they pray to Allah, having faith in Him alone, (and say,) "If You deliver us from this, we shall be grateful indeed."

Commentary The word: مَک (رح) ر (makr) used in verse 21: قُلِ اللَّـهُ أَسْرَ‌عُ مَكْرً‌ا (Say, "Allah is more swift in making plans" ) means secret plan or move that could be good or bad. Wherever this word has become a part of the local language, care should be taken that it is not rendered as ` deception'. For instance, in Urdu, the original language of this Commentary, it means just this. It is obvious that Allah Ta` ala is free from it. (1) (1) The English language has no such problems as the open sense of makr can be transmitted through ` plan' or ` move' (Translator)
Ayahs 10:23–24

فَلَمَّاۤ اَنْجٰىهُمْ اِذَا هُمْ یَبْغُوْنَ فِی الْاَرْضِ بِغَیْرِ الْحَقِّ١ؕ یٰۤاَیُّهَا النَّاسُ اِنَّمَا بَغْیُكُمْ عَلٰۤى اَنْفُسِكُمْ١ۙ مَّتَاعَ الْحَیٰوةِ الدُّنْیَا١٘ ثُمَّ اِلَیْنَا مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَنُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُوْنَ Open ayah 10:23 in the Quran reader

But when He delivers them, they at once start rebelling on the earth wrongfully. 0 people, your rebellion is, in fact, against your own selves. (It is nothing but) an enjoyment of the worldly life. Therefore, to Us you are to return, then We shall tell you what you have been doing.

اِنَّمَا مَثَلُ الْحَیٰوةِ الدُّنْیَا كَمَآءٍ اَنْزَلْنٰهُ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ فَاخْتَلَطَ بِهٖ نَبَاتُ الْاَرْضِ مِمَّا یَاْكُلُ النَّاسُ وَ الْاَنْعَامُ١ؕ حَتّٰۤى اِذَاۤ اَخَذَتِ الْاَرْضُ زُخْرُفَهَا وَ ازَّیَّنَتْ وَ ظَنَّ اَهْلُهَاۤ اَنَّهُمْ قٰدِرُوْنَ عَلَیْهَاۤ١ۙ اَتٰىهَاۤ اَمْرُنَا لَیْلًا اَوْ نَهَارًا فَجَعَلْنٰهَا حَصِیْدًا كَاَنْ لَّمْ تَغْنَ بِالْاَمْسِ١ؕ كَذٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْاٰیٰتِ لِقَوْمٍ یَّتَفَكَّرُوْنَ Open ayah 10:24 in the Quran reader

The example of worldly life is just like the water We sent down from the heavens, then the vegetation of the earth, eaten by men and cattle, until when the earth took on its ornament and was fully adorned, and its people thought that they had control over it, Our command came to it at night or by day, and We turned it into a stubble, as if it had not been there a day earlier. This is how We elaborate the verses for a people who reflect.

The warning given in verse 23: إِنَّمَا بَغْيُكُمْ عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِكُم (your rebellion is, in fact, against your own-selves) tells us that the curse of injustice is certain and, much before matters are settled in the Hereafter, one who is guilty of doing injustice must suffer from its evil consequences in this world as well. The Holy Prophet ﷺ has said: ` Allah Ta` ala hastens to repay mercy shown to relatives and favour done to people (whereby its blessings start becoming visible in this world, much before the Hereafter). And He also hastens to repay injustices done and relationships severed (in that its consequences have to be faced within the life of this world).' (Reported by Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah with a hasan chain of narrators) In another Hadith narrated by Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ ، the Holy Prophet ﷺ said, ` there are three sins the curse whereof falls on the sinner himself: Injustice, breach of trust and deception.' (Reported by Abu ash-Shaykh and Ibn Marduwayh in Tafsir) (See Mazhari)
Ayah 10:25

وَ اللّٰهُ یَدْعُوْۤا اِلٰى دَارِ السَّلٰمِ١ؕ وَ یَهْدِیْ مَنْ یَّشَآءُ اِلٰى صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِیْمٍ Open ayah 10:25 in the Quran reader

And Allah invites (people) to the Abode of Peace and brings whom He wills to a straight path.

Commentary In the previous verse (24), the transitory nature of worldly life was likened to a field. Water came from the heavens and it became verdant with flowers and fruits and crops. Growers were happy to presume that this will take care of everything they needed. But, because of their acts of disobedience, some unforeseen Divine punishment descended during the time of the night or day. Everything stood wiped off - as if nothing had existed there. This was the state of worldly life. After that comes a description of the life-to-come as it would be (25). It was said: وَاللَّـهُ يَدْعُو إِلَىٰ دَارِ‌ السَّلَامِ (And Allah invites [ people ] to the Abode of Peace). It means a Home where absolute and eternal peace reigns, a Home that has neither pain and sorrow, nor the danger of disease, nor the concern of adverse change or sudden extinction. ` Daru's-Salam' means the Jannah or Paradise. One reason why it has been called Daru 's-Salam is that everyone will have ideal peace and security there. The second reason appears in some reports from Hadith. They say that Jannah has been given the name of Daru 's-Salam also because its dwellers shall always be receiving Salam greetings from Allah Ta` ala, and from the angels as well. In fact, the word سلام :Salam would itself be a sort of technical keyword used by the people of Jannah to express their wishes which the angels would fulfill. For details, please see the commentary on verse 10. While explaining this verse, Yahya ibn Mu` adh has given some man-to-man advice to whomsoever it may reach: ` O son of Adam! Allah Almighty invited you to the Home of Peace (Daru 's-Salam). When and from which country would you take that right step in response to this Divine call? Understand, and mark it well. If you have started making efforts to say yes to this invitation (from your Lord) while you are still here in this world, you will succeed. You will reach the Home of Peace. And if you wasted the years of your life here, then landed in your grave, and then thought of following this call, you will be stopped. You will not move from there, not even one step - because, the place where you are is no Home of Deeds (Daru 'l-Amal).' Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ عنہما said, ` Daru 's-Salam is one of the seven names of Jannah.' (Tafsir al-Qurtubi) This tells us that it is not proper to name a house in this world as Daru 's-Salam. Similarly, it is also not correct to give it names like Jannah or Firdaus (Paradise). After that, it was said in the cited verse: وَيَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَ‌اطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ (and He brings whom He wills to a straight path - 25).
Ayah 10:26

لِلَّذِیْنَ اَحْسَنُوا الْحُسْنٰى وَ زِیَادَةٌ١ؕ وَ لَا یَرْهَقُ وُجُوْهَهُمْ قَتَرٌ وَّ لَا ذِلَّةٌ١ؕ اُولٰٓئِكَ اَصْحٰبُ الْجَنَّةِ١ۚ هُمْ فِیْهَا خٰلِدُوْنَ Open ayah 10:26 in the Quran reader

For those who do good there is the best, and something more, and neither darkness nor disgrace shall cover their faces. Those are the people of Paradise. Therein they shall live forever.

The sense is that the invitation to the Abode of Peace (Daru 's-Salam) is universal, open to all human beings and, in terms of this sense, guidance too is open to all. But, there is a kind of guidance that is special. Here, a seeker is made to stand on the straight path and given the ability to move ahead on course. This is Taufiq at its best. Only fortunate people are blessed with it. Compared in the first two verses (24, 25) were the two Abodes of the present world and the world-to-come. Mention was also made of the states in which their dwellers were. The next four verses (26-29) de-scribe the reward and punishment of both. Taken up first were the people of Paradise. About them it was said that those who opted for good, the greatest good was that of 'Iman (belief and faith) supplemented by staunch adherence to al-'amalu 's-Salih (good deeds). They will have the best of returns for what they do, not simply what is coming to them as due, but much more than it. The tafsir of this verse was given by the Holy Prophet ﷺ himself. He explained it by saying, ` at this place, اَلحُسنیٰ :al-husna: the best [ of return ] means Jannah (Paradise) and (ziyadah: something more) means the visit to the most exalted Allah with which the people of Jannah shall be honored. (Tafsir al-Qurtubi on the authority of Sayyidna Anas ؓ . As for the reality of Paradise, this much every Muslim knows that it is a place of bliss beyond human imagination now. And as for the visit to Allah Ta` ala, that is far superior to whatever blessings there are. According to a narration of Sayyidna Suhayb ؓ appearing in the Sahih of Muslim, the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been reported to have said, ` when the people of Jannah would have entered Jannah, Allah Ta` ala will address them: "Do you need anything? If so, tell Us. We shall fulfill it." The people of Jannah will submit: "You made our faces radiant with delight. You let us be in Jannah. You delivered us from Jahannam. What else can we ask for?" That will be the time when the hi jab obstructing the view in between will be removed. The people of Jannah, one and all, will be blessed with seeing their true Lord. They will then discover that this was a blessing far more sub-lime than all other blessings of Jannah, something they had not even thought about, something the Lord of all the worlds bestowed upon them without their having to ask for it simply out of His infinite affection and mercy!' Then, the text describes the state of the same people of Jannah by saying that their faces will remain free of any effects of distaste, pain or sorrow, nor will they have to be worried about any disgrace. These are conditions everyone faces in the mortal world one or the other time - and those who go to Jahannam will face it in the Hereafter. In contrast, the state of the people of Jahannam has been described by saying that those who came with evil deeds in their record will have an equal return for each evil without any increase in it. They will have disgrace all over them. There will be no one to save them from the punishment of Allah. Dark will be their faces, so dark as if layers upon layers of a night have covered them up.
Ayahs 10:27–29

وَ الَّذِیْنَ كَسَبُوا السَّیِّاٰتِ جَزَآءُ سَیِّئَةٍۭ بِمِثْلِهَا١ۙ وَ تَرْهَقُهُمْ ذِلَّةٌ١ؕ مَا لَهُمْ مِّنَ اللّٰهِ مِنْ عَاصِمٍ١ۚ كَاَنَّمَاۤ اُغْشِیَتْ وُجُوْهُهُمْ قِطَعًا مِّنَ الَّیْلِ مُظْلِمًا١ؕ اُولٰٓئِكَ اَصْحٰبُ النَّارِ١ۚ هُمْ فِیْهَا خٰلِدُوْنَ Open ayah 10:27 in the Quran reader

As for those who commit evils, the recompense of each evil shall be similar to that evil, and disgrace shall cover them. For them, there is none to save from Allah. Their faces seem to be covered with layers of a dark night. Those are the people of the Fire. Therein they shall live forever.

وَ یَوْمَ نَحْشُرُهُمْ جَمِیْعًا ثُمَّ نَقُوْلُ لِلَّذِیْنَ اَشْرَكُوْا مَكَانَكُمْ اَنْتُمْ وَ شُرَكَآؤُكُمْ١ۚ فَزَیَّلْنَا بَیْنَهُمْ وَ قَالَ شُرَكَآؤُهُمْ مَّا كُنْتُمْ اِیَّانَا تَعْبُدُوْنَ Open ayah 10:28 in the Quran reader

And (forget not) the Day We shall gather them together, then We shall say to those who associated partners with Allah, "Wait in your place, you and your associate-gods." Then We shall cause a split between them, and their associate-gods will say, "It was not us that you worshipped.

فَكَفٰى بِاللّٰهِ شَهِیْدًۢا بَیْنَنَا وَ بَیْنَكُمْ اِنْ كُنَّا عَنْ عِبَادَتِكُمْ لَغٰفِلِیْنَ Open ayah 10:29 in the Quran reader

So, Allah is enough as witness between us and between you. We were certainly unaware of your worship."

In the two verses (27, 28) appearing next, there is a dialogue between the people of Jahannam and the idols or satans who had led them astray. The locale will be the plain of Resurrection. It was said: On that day, We shall gather everyone. Then, to the Mushriks We shall say that, ` you and your gods whom you had associated' with Us in Our divinity stay in your places where you are, so that you can find out the reality of your conviction.' After that, the connection between these people and their so-called gods as it existed in the mortal world will be disconnected. The result will be that their idols will speak up: ` you never worshipped us.' Making Allah their witness, they will say, ` as for us, we were certainly unaware of your worship' - because we have no senses, no movement and no intelligence to understand these matters.
Ayah 10:30

هُنَالِكَ تَبْلُوْا كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّاۤ اَسْلَفَتْ وَ رُدُّوْۤا اِلَى اللّٰهِ مَوْلٰىهُمُ الْحَقِّ وَ ضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ مَّا كَانُوْا یَفْتَرُوْنَ۠ Open ayah 10:30 in the Quran reader

Thereupon, everyone shall assess what one sent ahead, and they will be sent back to Allah, their true Lord, and lost to them shall be what they used to coin.

Described in the sixth verse (30) is what would happen to both the peoples of Jannah and Jahannam by saying that, in this excruciating place called the plains of Resurrection, everyone would have assessed his or her respective deeds, individually and personally, whether they were beneficial or harmful. And they all would then be taken to their true Lord, the only One worthy of worship. At that time, all options of trust and support one usually looks up to will stand terminated. Even the idols the Mushriks used to take as their patrons and intercessors will evaporate in thin air en-block.
Ayah 10:31

قُلْ مَنْ یَّرْزُقُكُمْ مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ وَ الْاَرْضِ اَمَّنْ یَّمْلِكُ السَّمْعَ وَ الْاَبْصَارَ وَ مَنْ یُّخْرِجُ الْحَیَّ مِنَ الْمَیِّتِ وَ یُخْرِجُ الْمَیِّتَ مِنَ الْحَیِّ وَ مَنْ یُّدَبِّرُ الْاَمْرَ١ؕ فَسَیَقُوْلُوْنَ اللّٰهُ١ۚ فَقُلْ اَفَلَا تَتَّقُوْنَ Open ayah 10:31 in the Quran reader

Say, "Who gives you sustenance from the heavens and the earth? Or, who controls the (powers of) hearing and seeing? And who brings forth the living from the dead, and brings forth the dead from the living? And who manages everything?" They will say, "Allah." Then, (you) say, "Would you not, then, fear Allah?"

In the seventh and the eighth verses (31, 32), the Holy Qur'an has, in its typically wise and patronizing manner, beamed a few questions at the Mushriks to help them regain their sanity. Addressing the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، it was said that he should ask these people: Who gives you sustenance from the heavens and the earth? Who is the master-controller of your ears and eyes in that you hear and see as He wills and you do not if He wills otherwise? Who brings forth the living from the dead, such as vegetation and trees from the soil? Or, who brings forth humans and animals from the sperm, or a bird from an egg? And who brings forth the dead from the living, such as a lifeless sperm from humans and animals? And who is it that plans and manages the affairs of the whole universe? After that, it was said when these questions will be addressed to them, all of them would say that all these things were created by One Allah! Then, the Holy Prophet ﷺ was to ask them: Why then, would you not fear Allah? When you know that it is Allah alone who creates, sustains and manages everything, why do you have to take someone else other than Him as deserving of your devotion and obedience?
Ayahs 10:32–44

فَذٰلِكُمُ اللّٰهُ رَبُّكُمُ الْحَقُّ١ۚ فَمَا ذَا بَعْدَ الْحَقِّ اِلَّا الضَّلٰلُ١ۖۚ فَاَنّٰى تُصْرَفُوْنَ Open ayah 10:32 in the Quran reader

So, that is Allah, your Lord in truth. And what is there, after truth, but error? Where, then, are you being diverted?

كَذٰلِكَ حَقَّتْ كَلِمَتُ رَبِّكَ عَلَى الَّذِیْنَ فَسَقُوْۤا اَنَّهُمْ لَا یُؤْمِنُوْنَ Open ayah 10:33 in the Quran reader

This is how the Word of your Lord that they will not believe is established against those who sinned.

قُلْ هَلْ مِنْ شُرَكَآئِكُمْ مَّنْ یَّبْدَؤُا الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ یُعِیْدُهٗ١ؕ قُلِ اللّٰهُ یَبْدَؤُا الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ یُعِیْدُهٗ فَاَنّٰى تُؤْفَكُوْنَ Open ayah 10:34 in the Quran reader

Say, "Is there any one from your associate-gods who originates the creation, then brings it again? Where then, are you being turned away?"

قُلْ هَلْ مِنْ شُرَكَآئِكُمْ مَّنْ یَّهْدِیْۤ اِلَى الْحَقِّ١ؕ قُلِ اللّٰهُ یَهْدِیْ لِلْحَقِّ١ؕ اَفَمَنْ یَّهْدِیْۤ اِلَى الْحَقِّ اَحَقُّ اَنْ یُّتَّبَعَ اَمَّنْ لَّا یَهِدِّیْۤ اِلَّاۤ اَنْ یُّهْدٰى١ۚ فَمَا لَكُمْ١۫ كَیْفَ تَحْكُمُوْنَ Open ayah 10:35 in the Quran reader

Say, "Is there any one from your associate-gods who guides to the truth?" Say, "Allah guides to the truth. Is, then, He who guides to the truth more worthy of being obeyed, or he who has no guidance unless he is guided? So, what is the matter with you? How do you judge things?

وَ مَا یَتَّبِعُ اَكْثَرُهُمْ اِلَّا ظَنًّا١ؕ اِنَّ الظَّنَّ لَا یُغْنِیْ مِنَ الْحَقِّ شَیْئًا١ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلِیْمٌۢ بِمَا یَفْعَلُوْنَ Open ayah 10:36 in the Quran reader

And most of them follow nothing but conjecture. Surely, conjecture does not suffice against the truth in any way. Certainly, Allah is fully aware of what they do.

وَ مَا كَانَ هٰذَا الْقُرْاٰنُ اَنْ یُّفْتَرٰى مِنْ دُوْنِ اللّٰهِ وَ لٰكِنْ تَصْدِیْقَ الَّذِیْ بَیْنَ یَدَیْهِ وَ تَفْصِیْلَ الْكِتٰبِ لَا رَیْبَ فِیْهِ مِنْ رَّبِّ الْعٰلَمِیْنَ۫ Open ayah 10:37 in the Quran reader

And this Qur'an is not such as could be made by some-one other than Allah, but it is a confirmation of what has been before it, and an elaboration of what is writ-ten. There is no doubt in it. It is from the Lord of the worlds.

اَمْ یَقُوْلُوْنَ افْتَرٰىهُ١ؕ قُلْ فَاْتُوْا بِسُوْرَةٍ مِّثْلِهٖ وَ ادْعُوْا مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِّنْ دُوْنِ اللّٰهِ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰدِقِیْنَ Open ayah 10:38 in the Quran reader

Or, do they say that he has made it up? Say, "Then, bring a Surah like it, and call whomsoever you can be-sides Allah, if you are true."

بَلْ كَذَّبُوْا بِمَا لَمْ یُحِیْطُوْا بِعِلْمِهٖ وَ لَمَّا یَاْتِهِمْ تَاْوِیْلُهٗ١ؕ كَذٰلِكَ كَذَّبَ الَّذِیْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَانْظُرْ كَیْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الظّٰلِمِیْنَ Open ayah 10:39 in the Quran reader

But they have belied something of which they had no comprehensive knowledge, while its implications have not yet come to them. Likewise belied those before them. So, look how was the fate of the unjust.

وَ مِنْهُمْ مَّنْ یُّؤْمِنُ بِهٖ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَّنْ لَّا یُؤْمِنُ بِهٖ١ؕ وَ رَبُّكَ اَعْلَمُ بِالْمُفْسِدِیْنَ۠ Open ayah 10:40 in the Quran reader

And among them there are those who believe in it, and among them there are others who do not believe in it. And your Lord has the best knowledge about the mischief-makers.

وَ اِنْ كَذَّبُوْكَ فَقُلْ لِّیْ عَمَلِیْ وَ لَكُمْ عَمَلُكُمْ١ۚ اَنْتُمْ بَرِیْٓئُوْنَ مِمَّاۤ اَعْمَلُ وَ اَنَا بَرِیْٓءٌ مِّمَّا تَعْمَلُوْنَ Open ayah 10:41 in the Quran reader

And if they belie you, say, "For me, my deed, and for you, your deed. You are not accountable for what I do and I am not accountable for what you do."

وَ مِنْهُمْ مَّنْ یَّسْتَمِعُوْنَ اِلَیْكَ١ؕ اَفَاَنْتَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ وَ لَوْ كَانُوْا لَا یَعْقِلُوْنَ Open ayah 10:42 in the Quran reader

And among them there are those who listen to you. Would you, then, make the deaf hear, even when they lack understanding?

وَ مِنْهُمْ مَّنْ یَّنْظُرُ اِلَیْكَ١ؕ اَفَاَنْتَ تَهْدِی الْعُمْیَ وَ لَوْ كَانُوْا لَا یُبْصِرُوْنَ Open ayah 10:43 in the Quran reader

And among them there are those who look at you. Would you, then, guide the blind even when they have no insight?

اِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا یَظْلِمُ النَّاسَ شَیْئًا وَّ لٰكِنَّ النَّاسَ اَنْفُسَهُمْ یَظْلِمُوْنَ Open ayah 10:44 in the Quran reader

Surely, Allah does not do wrong to people at all, but the people do wrong to their own selves.

In the concluding verse (32), it was said: فَذَٰلِكُمُ اللَّـهُ رَ‌بُّكُمُ الْحَقُّ ۖ فَمَاذَا بَعْدَ الْحَقِّ إِلَّا الضَّلَالُ (So, that is Allah, your Lord in truth. And what is there, after truth, but error?), that is, ` this is the Sacred Being whose attributes of perfection have just been mentioned. Once you have found the Truth, there remains nothing else to find except error and straying. In other words, once it stands proved that Allah Ta` ala is the only true and rightful object of worship, it is terribly senseless to abandon this truth and allow yourself to be diverted elsewhere. important note In relation to issues of religious beliefs embedded in this verse, it must be borne in mind that the statement: مَاذَا بَعْدَ الْحَقِّ إِلَّا الضَّلَالُ (What is there, after truth, but error?) proves that there is no intermediary link between truth and error. What is not the truth will be included in error and straying. There can be no such thing that is neither truth nor error. And it is also not possible that two opposite things could be the truth. This is an established rule in the sight of the majority of scholars in the Muslim Ummah. However, difference exists among ` Ulama' regarding minor and subsidiary juristic issues. In the view of some of them, both sides would be considered as on truth in Ijtihad-based issues and, according to the majority of them, there is consensus on the view that the taking of contra-position in Ijtihad-based problems cannot be termed as error and straying.
Ayahs 10:45–50

وَ یَوْمَ یَحْشُرُهُمْ كَاَنْ لَّمْ یَلْبَثُوْۤا اِلَّا سَاعَةً مِّنَ النَّهَارِ یَتَعَارَفُوْنَ بَیْنَهُمْ١ؕ قَدْ خَسِرَ الَّذِیْنَ كَذَّبُوْا بِلِقَآءِ اللّٰهِ وَ مَا كَانُوْا مُهْتَدِیْنَ Open ayah 10:45 in the Quran reader

And the Day when He will gather them, (they will feel) like they had not stayed for any longer than a fraction of a day as they will recognize each other. Losers, in-deed, are those who deny that they will ever face Allah, and they are not on the right path.

وَ اِمَّا نُرِیَنَّكَ بَعْضَ الَّذِیْ نَعِدُهُمْ اَوْ نَتَوَفَّیَنَّكَ فَاِلَیْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ ثُمَّ اللّٰهُ شَهِیْدٌ عَلٰى مَا یَفْعَلُوْنَ Open ayah 10:46 in the Quran reader

So, no matter whether We show you some of what We warn them of, or We take you back to Us (before it), in any case, they have to return to Us. Then, Allah is witness to what they do.

وَ لِكُلِّ اُمَّةٍ رَّسُوْلٌ١ۚ فَاِذَا جَآءَ رَسُوْلُهُمْ قُضِیَ بَیْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ وَ هُمْ لَا یُظْلَمُوْنَ Open ayah 10:47 in the Quran reader

And for every people there is a messenger. So, when their messenger comes, the matter will be decided between them with justice, and they shall not be wronged.

وَ یَقُوْلُوْنَ مَتٰى هٰذَا الْوَعْدُ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰدِقِیْنَ Open ayah 10:48 in the Quran reader

And they say, "When will this promise be (fulfilled) if you are true?"

قُلْ لَّاۤ اَمْلِكُ لِنَفْسِیْ ضَرًّا وَّ لَا نَفْعًا اِلَّا مَا شَآءَ اللّٰهُ١ؕ لِكُلِّ اُمَّةٍ اَجَلٌ١ؕ اِذَا جَآءَ اَجَلُهُمْ فَلَا یَسْتَاْخِرُوْنَ سَاعَةً وَّ لَا یَسْتَقْدِمُوْنَ Open ayah 10:49 in the Quran reader

Say, "I have no power to bring a harm or a benefit to myself, except what Allah wills. For every people there is an appointed time. When their time comes, they will not be late for a moment, nor will they be earlier.

قُلْ اَرَءَیْتُمْ اِنْ اَتٰىكُمْ عَذَابُهٗ بَیَاتًا اَوْ نَهَارًا مَّا ذَا یَسْتَعْجِلُ مِنْهُ الْمُجْرِمُوْنَ Open ayah 10:50 in the Quran reader

Say, "Just tell me, if His punishment befalls you at night or by day, what is there in it that the sinners wish to come soon?

Commentary In verse 45, it was said: يَتَعَارَ‌فُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ (they will recognize each other), that is, when the dead will be raised from their graves, they will recognize each other as if not much time had passed when they met last. Imam al-Baghawi said: This recognition will be possible during the early stage. Later, when the horrendous happenings of the Qiyamah, the Day of Doom, will unfold, this ability to recognize each other will stand disabled. According to some other narrations, the ability to recognize each other will, though, still remain, but such will be the awe of the situation that they will be unable to say anything. (Mazhari)