کتاب الاعتکاف

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا اعْتَكَفَ يُدْنِي إِلَيَّ رَأْسَهُ فَأُرَجِّلُهُ وَكَانَ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْبَيْتَ إِلَّا لِحَاجَةِ الْإِنْسَانِ

حضرت ام المومنین عائشہ ؓ سے روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہ ﷺ جب اعتکاف میں ہوتے تو جھکا دیتے سر اپنا میری طرف سو میں کنگھی کردیتی اور گھر میں نہ آتے مگر حاجت ضروری کے واسطے۔

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az-Zubayr from Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman that Aisha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,"When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did itikaf he would bring his head near to me and I would comb it. He would only go into the house to relieve himself."

عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ إِذَا اعْتَكَفَتْ لَا تَسْأَلُ عَنْ الْمَرِيضِ إِلَّا وَهِيَ تَمْشِي لَا تَقِفُ

عمرہ بنت عبدالرحمن ؓ روایت ہے کہ عائشہ جب اعتکاف کرتیں تو بیمار پرسی نہ کرتیں مگر چلتے چلتے، ٹھہرتی نہیں تھیں۔

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman that when Aisha was doing itikaf she would only ask after sick people if she was walking and not if she was standing still. Malik said, "A person doing itikaf should not carry out obligations of his, nor leave the mosque for them, nor should he help anyone. He should only leave the mosque to relieve himself. If he were able to go out to do things for people, visiting the sick, praying over the dead and following funeral processions would be the things with the most claim on his coming out." Malik said, "A person doing itikaf is not doing itikaf until he avoids what some one doing itikaf should avoid, namely, visiting the sick, praying over the dead, and entering houses, except to relieve himself."

عَنْ مَالِك أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنْ الرَّجُلِ يَعْتَكِفُ هَلْ يَدْخُلُ لِحَاجَتِهِ تَحْتَ سَقْفٍ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ

امام مالک سے روایت ہے کہ انہوں نے پوچھا ابن شہاب سے کہ معتکف کو پٹے ہوئے مکان میں حاجت ضروری کو جانا درست ہے بولے ہاں درست ہے کچھ حرج نہیں۔

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn Shihab whether someone doing itikaf could go into a house to relieve himself, and he said, "Yes, there is no harm in that." Malik said, "The situation that we are all agreed upon here is that there is no disapproval of anyone doing itikaf in a mosque where jumua is held. The only reason I see for disapproving of doing itikaf in a mosque where jumua is not held is that the man doing itikaf would have to leave the mosque where he was doing itikaf in order to go to jumua, or else not go there at all. If, however, he is doing itikaf in a mosque where jumua is not held, and he does not have to go to jumua in any other mosque, then I see no harm in him doing itikaf there, because Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says, While you are doing itikaf in mosques, and refers to all mosques in general, without specifying any particular kind." Malik continued, "Accordingly, it is permissiblefor a man to do itikaf in a mosque where jumua is not held if he does not have to leave it to go to a mosque where jumua is held." Malik said, "A person doing itikaf should spend the night only in the mosque where he is doing itikaf, except if his tent is in one of the courtyards of the mosque. I have never heard that someone doing itikaf can put up a shelter anywhere except in the mosque itself or in one of the courtyards of the mosque. Part of what shows that he must spend the night in the mosque is the saying of Aisha, When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was doing itikaf, he would only go into the house to relieve himself. Nor should he do itikaf on the roof of the mosque or in the minaret." Malik said, "The person who is going to do itikaf should enter the place where he wishes to do itikaf before the sun sets on the night when he wishes to begin his itikaf, so that he is ready to begin the itikaf at the beginning of the night when he is going to start his itikaf. A person doing itikaf should be occupied with his itikaf, and not turn his attention to other things which might occupy him, such as trading or whatever. There is no harm, however, if some one doing itikaf tells some one to do something for him regarding his estate, or the affairs of his family, or tells someone to sell some property of his, or something else that does not occupy him directly. There is no harm in him arranging for someone else to do that for him if it is a simple matter." Malik said, "I have never heard any of the people of knowledge mentioning any modification as far as how to do itikaf is concerned. Itikaf is an act of ibada like the prayer, fasting, the hajj, and such like acts, whether they are obligatory or voluntary. Anyone who begins doing any of these acts should do them according to what has come down in the sunna. He should not start doing anything in them that the muslims have not done, whether it is a modification that he imposes on others, or one that he begins doing himself. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, practised itikaf, and the muslims know what the sunna of itikaf is." Malik said, "Itikaf and jiwar are the same, and Itikaf is the same for a village-dweller as it is for a nomad."

عَنْ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَنَافِعًا مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَا لَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا بِصِيَامٍ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنْ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنْ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنْتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ فَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الْاعْتِكَافَ مَعَ الصِّيَامِ

قاسم بن محمد اور نافع جو مولیٰ ہیں عبداللہ بن عمر کے دونوں کہتے تھے کہ اعتکاف بغیر روزے کے درست نہیں ہے کیونکہ اللہ جل جلالہ نے فرمایا اپنی کتاب میں کھاؤ اور پیو یہاں تک کہ سفید دھاری معلوم ہونے لگے سیاہ دھاری سے فجر کی تمام کرو روزوں کو رات تک اور نہ چمٹو اپنی عورتوں سے جب تم اعتکاف سے ہو مسجدوں میں تو ذکر کیا اللہ جل جلالہ نے اعتکاف کا روزے کے ساتھ۔

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad and Nafi, the mawla of Abdullah ibn Umar said, "You cannot do itikaf unless you are fasting, because of what Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says in His Book, And eat and drink until the white thread becomes clear to you from the black thread of dawn, then complete the fast until night-time, and do not have intercourse with them while you are doing itikaf in mosques, (Sura 2 ayat 187). Allah only mentions itikaf together with fasting." Malik said, "That is what we go by here."Malik was asked whether someone who went into a mosque to do itikaf for the last ten days of Ramadan and stayed there for a day or two but then became ill and left the mosque, had to do itikaf for the number of days that were left from the ten, or not, and if he did have to do so, then what month should he do it in, and he replied, "He should make up whatever he has to do of the itikaf when he recovers, whether in Ramadan or otherwise. I have heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, once wanted to do itikaf in Ramadan, but then came back without having done so, and then when Ramadan had gone, he did itikaf for ten days in Shawwal. Some one who does itikaf voluntarily in Ramadan and some one who has to do itikaf are in the same position regarding what is halal for them and what is haram. I have not heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ever did itikaf other than voluntarily." Malik said, that if a woman did itikaf and then menstruated during her itikaf, she went back to her house, and, when she was pure again she returned to the mosque, at whatever time it was that she became pure. She then continued her itikaf from where she left off. This was the same situation as with a woman who had to fast two consecutive months, and who menstruated and then became pure. She then continued the fast from where she had left off and did not delay doing so.

عَنْ سُمَيٍّ مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ اعْتَكَفَ فَكَانَ يَذْهَبُ لِحَاجَتِهِ تَحْتَ سَقِيفَةٍ فِي حُجْرَةٍ مُغْلَقَةٍ فِي دَارِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ ثُمَّ لَا يَرْجِعُ حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ الْعِيدَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ

سمی جو مولیٰ ہیں ابی بکر کے ان سے روایت ہے کہ ابوبکر بن عبدالرحمن اعتکاف کرتے تو جاتے حاجت ضروری کے واسطے ایک چھت دار کوٹھری میں جو بند رہتی خالد بن ولید کے گھر میں، پھر نہ نکلتے اعتکاف سے یہاں تک کہ حاضر ہوتے عید میں ساتھ مسلمانوں کے۔

Yahya related to me that Ziyad ibn Abd ar-Rahman said, "Malik related to us from Sumayy, the mawla of Abu Bakr (RA) ibn Abd ar-Rahman, that Abu Bakr (RA) ibn Abd ar-Rahman was once doing itikaf and he would go out to relieve himself in a closed room under a roofed passage in Khalid ibn Walids house. Otherwise he did not leave his place of itikaf until he went to pray at the Id with the muslims."

عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ إِلَى الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ فِيهِ وَجَدَ أَخْبِيَةً خِبَاءَ عَائِشَةَ وَخِبَاءَ حَفْصَةَ وَخِبَاءَ زَيْنَبَ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا سَأَلَ عَنْهَا فَقِيلَ لَهُ هَذَا خِبَاءُ عَائِشَةَ وَحَفْصَةَ وَزَيْنَبَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ آلْبِرَّ تَقُولُونَ بِهِنَّ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَلَمْ يَعْتَكِفْ حَتَّى اعْتَكَفَ عَشْرًا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ

عمرہ بنت عبدالرحمن ؓ روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہ ﷺ نے ارادہ کیا اعتکاف کا جب آئے آپ اس جگہ جہاں اعتکاف کرنا چاہتے تھے پائے آپ نے کئی خیمے ایک خیمہ عائشہ کا اور ایک خیمہ حفصہ کا اور ایک خیمہ زینب کا تو پوچھا آپ نے یہ کن کے خیمے ہیں لوگوں نے کہا عائشہ اور حفصہ اور زینب ؓ عنھن کے۔ فرمایا رسول اللہ ﷺ نے کیا تم نیکی کا گمان کرتے ہو ان عورتوں کے ساتھ، پھر لوٹ آئے آپ اور اعتکاف نہ کیا پھر شوال کے دس دنوں میں اعتکاف کیا۔

Ziyad related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman from Aisha that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, once wanted to do itikaf, and when he went off to the place where he wanted to do itikaf he found some tents there, which were Aishas tent, Hafsas tent, and Zaynabs tent. When he saw them he asked about them and someone told him that they were the tents of Aisha, Hafsa and Zaynab. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do you think them devout?" Then he left, and did not do itikaf until Shawwal, when he then did it for ten days.Yahya related to me from Ziyad from Malik that he saw some of the people of knowledge who, when they did itikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan, would not go back to their families until they had attended the Id al-Fitr with everybody. Ziyad said that Malik said, "I heard this from the people of excellence who have passed away, and it is what I like most out of what I have heard about the matter."

عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَذْهَبُ لِحَاجَةِ الْإِنْسَانِ فِي الْبُيُوتِ

ابن شہاب سے روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہ ﷺ حاجت ضروری کے لئے گھروں میں آئے تھے اعتکاف کی حالت میں۔

Ziyad related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to go to relieve himself in houses. Malik said, "Someone doing itikaf should not leave for his parents funeral or for anything else."